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Kafr, Fitnah, and Fasad fil-Ardh

By Ibn Iblis

The purpose of this website is to provide thorough and accurate source materials for non-Muslims to educate themselves with and to refute the apologetics of Muslim apologists and non-Muslim Islamophiles. In doing so you are spreading disbelief, hindering others from the path of Allah, and making life miserable for those trying to portray Islam in a benign light while conspiring to destroy your cultural heritage and replace it with a 7th-century warrior's religious code.

Kafr in Arabic means "that which covers the truth"; any act of disbelief, heresy, or blasphemy. Those who are not Muslims and commit acts of disbelief have many names, such as kafir (plural kafirūn) or mushrik (plural Mushrikūn).

Al-fitnah in Arabic means "trial", "testing" or "calamity". It is often translated to mean "civil strife", "war", or "riots". Some Qur'anic interpretations of fitnah include "tumult or oppression" (Yusuf Ali) and "persecution" (Shakir; Pickthal).

Fitnah appears several times in the Qur'an, and it's definition in an Islamic context is given by Qur'an 2.217: "to prevent mankind from following the Way of Allāh, to disbelieve in Him." Therefore fitnah is also often translated to mean "disbelief" or "shirk". Ibn Kathir comments on Qur'an 2.191:

    Shirk is worse than Killing
    Since Jihad involves killing and shedding the blood of men, Allah indicated that these men are committing disbelief in Allah, associating with Him (in the worship) and hindering from His path, and this is a much greater evil and more disastrous than killing. Abu Malik commented about what Allah said:

      (And Al-Fitnah is worse than killing.)

    Meaning what you (disbelievers) are committing is much worse than killing." Abu Al-`Aliyah, Mujahid, Sa`id bin Jubayr, `Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said that what Allah said:

      (And Al-Fitnah is worse than killing.)

    "Shirk (polytheism) is worse than killing."

Confusion arises when one ponders why simple disbelief and persecution are given as definitions for the same word. In an Islamic context, if you are open and active in your disbelief, you "prevent mankind from following the Way of Allah," and lead them to a path of disbelief which leads to hell. This is why, according to Qur'an 2.217, "fitnah is worse than killing."

And finally, fasad fil-ardh means to commit mischief or corruption in the land. The term appears most notably in Qur'an 5.32, which says, "Because of that We ordained for the Children of Israel that if anyone killed a person not in retaliation of murder, or (and) fasad fil-ardh (to spread mischief in the land) - it would be as if he killed all mankind..." Few people bother to ask what it means to "spread mischief in the land", but it must be a heinous sin, as the prescribed punishment, described in the following verse, is "that they shall be killed or crucified or their hands and their feet be cut off on the opposite sides, or be exiled from the land." Ibn Kathir explains the meaning of mischief:

    In his Tafsir, As-Suddi said that Ibn `Abbas and Ibn Mas`ud commented,

      (And when it is said to them: "Do not make mischief on the earth,'' they say: "We are only peacemakers.")

    They are the hypocrites. As for,

      ("Do not make mischief on the earth"),

    that is disbelief and acts of disobedience." Abu Ja`far said that Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said that Abu Al-`Aliyah said that Allah's statement,

      (And when it is said to them: "Do not make mischief on the earth"),

    means, "Do not commit acts of disobedience on the earth. Their mischief is disobeying Allah, because whoever disobeys Allah on the earth, or commands that Allah be disobeyed, he has committed mischief on the earth. Peace on both the earth and in the heavens is ensured (and earned) through obedience (to Allah)."

So, with the help of this site and the sites linked on the main page (Jihad Watch, Frontpage Magazine, etc.), go out and make mischief and spread disbelief. Fight the counter-jihad. Talk to anyone who will listen. Write your representatives. But do so from a position of knowledgable authority. Study Islam. Know your enemy. Their texts are widely available on the internet, including the Qur'an, Sahih Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, and Tafsir Ibn Kathir. See also the resources link on this site for other books useful for studying Islamic jurisprudence and history.